heated surface testing

In the automotive industry, there exists a critical need to thoroughly test the functionality of various components within vehicles to guarantee optimal performance for end customers. One key aspect is the examination of electrical heating elements that are utilized for surface heating within the vehicle. These heating elements are responsible for warming seats, mirrors, and glass surfaces.

To better understand the problem, it is critical to understand the how the heating system functions. Prior to delving into the inspection-related concerns, a study was undertaken to understand the heating mechanism of surfaces. Heated surfaces incorporate embedded wires that impede the flow of electrons. When voltage is applied to these wires, their resistance generates heat, which is subsequently transferred to the surface. Figure  provides a detailed view of the rear glass, showcasing the embedded wires. Meanwhile, Figure illustrates a simplified representation of the wiring system within Subaru vehicles for the rear heated glass.