1. Spaced Repetition
Concept: This method involves reviewing material multiple times over increasing intervals. Software like Anki uses this method to help people memorize things effectively.
Sources for further reading:
Pimsleur, P. (1967). A memory schedule. The Modern Language Journal, 51(2), 73-75.
Cepeda, N. J., Pashler, H., Vul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D. (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(3), 354.
2. Active Recall
Concept: Instead of passively reading or watching, engage your memory actively. For instance, close the book and try to summarize what you just read.
Sources for further reading:
Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319(5865), 966-968.
3. Interleaved Learning
Concept: This technique mixes different topics in order to improve learning. For instance, if you're studying math, don't do all division problems at once. Mix in some multiplication, addition, etc.
Sources for further reading:
Rohrer, D., & Taylor, K. (2007). The shuffling of mathematics problems improves learning. Instructional Science, 35(6), 481-498.
4. Dual Coding
Concept: This method involves combining verbal and visual information to help remember facts. For instance, if you are studying anatomy, look at a diagram of the human body while also reading the text.
Sources for further reading:
Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 45(3), 255.
5. The Feynman Technique
Concept: This technique involves explaining a topic in simple terms to ensure you understand it fully. It's as if you're teaching it to someone else.
Sources for further reading:
Feynman, R. P., & Leighton, R. (1985). Surely you're joking, Mr. Feynman!: Adventures of a curious character. W. W. Norton & Company.