José Garcia-Bravo, Ph.D.

Associate Head for Faculty Affairs and Associate Professor

Contact Info

765-494-7312

Knoy 127

West Lafayette

Dr. Jose M. Garcia-Bravo is currently an Associate Professor for the Mechanical Engineering Technology academic program where he has a special focus on fluid power (hydraulic and pneumatic systems) research and instruction, additive manufacturing and smart manufacturing using Industrial Internet of Things technologies. Dr. Garcia-Bravo received his B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota in 2002, His M.Sc. in 2006 and Ph.D. in 2011 from Purdue University.

Dr. Garcia-Bravo has gained national recognition for his work in applied fluid power. His work includes the use of additive manufacturing for the fabrication of soft actuators, valves, embedded sensors and low-pressure positive displacement pumps for applications in robotics, industrial and vehicular systems. He holds one patent for an invention for 3D printed lens gratings, and three provisional patents for materials and processes for the development of additively manufactured sensors.

Dr. Garcia-Bravo investigates how hydraulic systems can improve the performance and efficiency of heavy-duty vehicles or industrial equipment, the use of Mixed Reality in the classroom and manufacturing, and improved processes for water purification. In 2019, Dr. Garcia-Bravo was awarded the Purdue Polytechnic Outstanding Faculty in Learning Award, a distinction given to the faculty in the college for their performance and contributions to teaching and learning at the Purdue Polytechnic Institute. In 2022 he received the Outstanding Faculty in Engagement award for his contributions to advance the fluid power industry.

Dr. Garcia-Bravo has made significant teaching and engagement and globalization contributions in fluid power education and to the Mechanical Engineering Technology program, he has overseen the design and implementation of a miniature electro-hydraulic excavator arm, the creation of the fluid power student club and continuously facilitates student mobility opportunities for Purdue students and students from Mexico, Colombia and Peru.

Research Interests

Digital Twins
Fluid Power & Motion Control
Reverse Osmosis Systems

Education History

Purdue University, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, West Lafayette, IN

- Doctor of Philosophy, Engineering; Fluid Power Specialization, May 2011

Purdue University, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, West Lafayette, IN

- Master of Science in Engineering, December 2006

Purdue University, Foreign Languages and Literature, West Lafayette, IN

- Master of Arts; Teaching of Spanish, December 2004

Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

- Bachelor of Science, Mechanical Engineering, September 2002

Publications and Presentations

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles

Garcia,J., Martini,A., “Measured and Predicted Static Friction for Real Rough Surfaces in Point Contact”, ASME Journal of Tribology, Vol. 134. July, 2012. 031501 DOI: 10.1115/1.4006917
Michael,P., Garcia,J., Bair,S., Devlin,M., Martini,A., “Lubricant chemistry and rheology effects on hydraulic motor starting efficiency”, Tribology Transactions, 55-5, pp 549-557, 2012. DOI: 10.1080/10402004.2012.680208
Garcia,J., Lumkes,J., Heckaman,B., Martini,A., "Viscosity dependence of static friction in lubricated metallic line contacts", Tribology Transactions, 54-3,pp. 333-340, 2011.DOI: 10.1080/10402004.2010.542278.
Garcia-Bravo, J., Ayala-Garcia, I., & Cepeda-Aguilar‡, J., “Variable Ratio Hydrostatic Transmission Simulator for Optimal Wind Power Drivetrains,” International Journal of Rotating Machinery, vol. 2017, Article ID 5651736, 9 pages, 2017. http://doi:10.1155/2017/5651736
Niu, G*., Shang, F., Krishnamurthy, M., Garcia-Bravo, J. (2017). Design and Analysis of an Electric Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain in Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 3(1), 48-57.
Newell, B. A.*, Garcia Bravo, J. M., & Krutz, G. W. (2018). Dielectric electroactive polymers with chemical pre-strain: An experimentally validated model. Actuators, 7(3), 15. Impact Factor: 2.69.
Solorio, J., Garcia-Bravo, J., Newell, B., “Voice Activated Robotics Application Using Off the Shelf Home Automation Components”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal. (In review, November 2017).
Toet, G.*, Johnson, J., Montague, J., Torres, K., & Garcia Bravo, J. M.* (2019). The Determination of the Theoretical Stroke Volume of Hydrostatic Positive Displacement Pumps and Motors from Volumetric Measurements. Energies, 12(3), 415. Impact Factor: 2.676.
Gomez, I. G*, Gonzalez-Mancera, A., Newell, B. A., & Garcia Bravo, J. M.* (2019). Analysis of the Design of a Poppet Valve by Transitory Simulation. Energies, 12(5), 889. Impact Factor: 2.676.
Athinarayanan, R.*, Newell, B. A., Garcia Bravo, J. M., Ostanek, J. K., Diao, X., Sundararajan, R., Zhang, H., Richards, G. P. (2019). Learning in Context with Horizontally & Vertically Integrated Curriculum in a Smart Learning Factory. Procedia Manufacturing, 91-96. Impact Factor: 1.39.
Jo, W.*, Hoashi, Y.G, Paredes Aguilar, L.L., Postigo-Malaga, M., Garcia Bravo, J. M., & Min, B. C.* (2019). A low-cost and small USV platform for water quality monitoring. HardwareX, 6. Impact Factor: 1.372.
Gonzalez, D.G*, Garcia Bravo, J. M., & Newell, B. A.* (2019). Electromechanical characterization of a 3D printed dielectric material for dielectric electroactive polymer actuators. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 297, 111565. Impact Factor: 2.739.
Vallejo-Melgarejo, L. D.G*, Reifenberger, R. G., Newell, B. A., Narváez-Tovar, C. A., & Garcia Bravo, J. M.* (2019). Characterization of 3D-printed lenses and diffraction gratings made by DLP additive manufacturing. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 25(10), 1684-1694. Impact Factor: 4.167.
Roggenburg, M.G*, Esquivel-Puentes, H. A.G, Vacca, A., Bocanegra Evans, H., Garcia Bravo, J. M., Warsinger, D., Ivantysynova, M., & Castillo, L. (2020). Techno-economic analysis of a hydraulic transmission for floating offshore wind turbines. Renewable Energy. Impact Factor: 5.439.
Urbizo-Reyes, U.G*, San Martin-González, M. F., Garcia Bravo, J. M., López Malo Vigil, A., & Liceaga, A. M. (2019). Physicochemical characteristics of chia seed (Salvia hispanica) protein hydrolysates produced using ultrasonication followed by microwave-assisted hydrolysis. Food Hydrocolloids, 97. Impact Factor: 5.839.
Nguedjang Kouakeuo*, S.H., Tena Deffo, Y.A., Ducharne, B., More, L., Raulet, M.A., Tsafack, P., Garcia Bravo, J. M., & Newell, B. A. (2020). Embedded printed magnetic needle probes sensor for the real-time control of the local induction state through a laminated magnetic core. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Impact Factor: 2.683.
Leon Quiroga, J.G*, Newell, B.A., Krishnamurthy, M., Gonzalez-Mancera, A., & Garcia Bravo, J. M. (2020) Energy Efficiency Comparison of Hydraulic Accumulators and Ultracapacitors. Energies. Impact Factor: 2.707.
Gutierrez, D.G*, Garcia Bravo, J. M.*, Reid, A., Newell, B. A., McPherson, P. B., & French, R. M. (2020). Design and Modeling of a 90 Degree Ball Valve with a Linear Pressure Drop. International Journal of Fluid Power. Impact Factor: 1.67.
Urbizo-Reyes, U.G*, San Martin-González, M. F., Garcia Bravo, J. M., & Liceaga, A. M.*. Development of chia seed (Salvia hispanica) mucilage films plasticized with polyol mixtures: Mechanical and barrier properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. Impact Factor: 5.162. Vol. 163.
Zorro-Mendoza, C.U*, Leon-Quiroga, J.G, Newell, B. A., & Garcia Bravo, J. M.* Electro-Hydraulic Excavator 2.2 Teaching of fundamentals concepts in fluid power. Technology and Engineering Teacher. Vol. 12. Is. 7.
Cordoba, S., Das, A., Leon, J., Garcia, J. M., & Warsinger, D. M. (2021). Double-acting batch reverse osmosis configuration for best-in-class efficiency and low downtime. Desalination, 506, 114959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114959
Guevara, S., Singh, Y., Shores, A., Mercado, J., Postigo, M., Garcia, J., & Newell, B. (2020). Development of a Pilot Smart Irrigation System for Peruvian Highlands. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 171(1), 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114959
Urbizo-Reyes, U., San Martin-González, M. F., Garcia-Bravo, J., & Liceaga, A. M. (2020). Development of chia seed (Salvia hispanica) mucilage films plasticized with polyol mixtures: Mechanical and barrier properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 163, 854-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.023
French, R. M., Choudhuri, R., Garcia-Bravo, J., & Petty, J. (2020). Experimental investigation of fractional order behavior in an oscillating disk. Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis, 23(5), 1532-1544. https://doi.org/10.1515/fca-2020-0076
Durango-Cogollo, M., Garcia-Bravo, J., Newell, B., & Gonzalez-Mancera, A. (2020). CFD Modeling of Hydrocyclones—A Study of Efficiency of Hydrodynamic Reservoirs. Fluids, 5(3), 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030118
Azzam, I., Pate, K., Garcia-Bravo, J., & Breidi, F. (2022). Energy Savings in Hydraulic Hybrid Transmissions through Digital Hydraulics Technology. Energies, 15(4), 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041348
Brodersen, K. M., Bywater, E. A., Lanter, A. M., Schennum, H. H., Furia, K. N., Sheth, M. K., .Garcia., Jose & Warsinger, D. M. (2022). Direct-drive ocean wave-powered batch reverse osmosis. Desalination, 523, 115393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115393
Gonzalez, D., Garcia, J., Voyles, R. M., Nawrocki, R. A., & Newell, B. (2021). Characterization of 3D printed pneumatic soft actuator. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 113337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2021.113337
Malm, M., Liceaga, A. M., Martin-Gonzalez, S., Jones, O. G., Garcia-Bravo, J. M., & Kaplan, I. (2021). Development of Chitosan Films from Edible Crickets and Their Performance as a Bio-Based Food Packaging Material. Polysaccharides, 2(4), 744-758. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides2040045
C. Maynard, J. Garcia, A. Lucietto, W. Hutzel, B. Newell. (2021). Experiential Learning in the Energy Based Classroom. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy 11, (6). https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v11i6.16539
Bosman, L., & Garcia-Bravo, J. (2021). Lessons Learned: Research Benefits and Beyond Associated with Participating in the NSF I-Corps™ Customer Discovery Program. Technology & Innovation, 22(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.21300/21.4.2021.5
Cordoba, S., Das, A., Leon, J., Garcia, J. M., & Warsinger, D. M. (2021). Double-acting batch reverse osmosis configuration for best-in-class efficiency and low downtime. Desalination, 506, 114959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114959
Liu, Y., Xiang, Z., Garcia, J., Newell, B., Le, M., & Ducharne, B. (2021, April). JG-04 Low frequency Induction heating of a ferromagnetic catheter: feasibility. In INTERMAG 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTERMAG42984.2021.9579639
J Zorro-Mendoza, Camilo., Leon-Quiroga, Jorge., Newell, Brittany and Garcia, Jose (2021) Electro-Hydraulic Excavator 2.2: Teaching Fundamental Concepts In Fluid Power., Technology and Engineering Teacher, 80, (5). https://www.iteea.org/Publications/Journals/TET/186170.aspx
Guevara, S., Singh, Y., Shores, A., Mercado, J., Postigo, M., Garcia, J., & Newell, B. (2020). Development of a Pilot Smart Irrigation System for Peruvian Highlands. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 171(1), 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2020.3344.x
Urbizo-Reyes, U., San Martin-González, M. F., Garcia-Bravo, J., & Liceaga, A. M. (2020). Development of chia seed (Salvia hispanica) mucilage films plasticized with polyol mixtures: Mechanical and barrier properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 163, 854-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.023
French, R. M., Choudhuri, R., Garcia-Bravo, J., & Petty, J. (2020). Experimental investigation of fractional order behavior in an oscillating disk. Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis, 23(5), 1532-1544. https://doi.org/10.1515/fca-2020-0076

Articles in Conference Proceedings

Michael, P., Garcia-Bravo, J., The Determination of Hydraulic Motor Displacement., The 17th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power, SICFP’21, May 31 – June 2, 2021, Linköping, Sweden
Johnson. J., Garcia-Bravo, J., Panwar, P., Michael, P., Strategies to Minimize Data Sample Size for Regression-Based Pump/Motor Models., he 17th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power, SICFP’21, May 31 – June 2, 2021, Linköping, Sweden
Hernandez, J. A., Maynard, C. M., Gonzalez, D., Viz, M., Garcia, J., Newell, B., & Tallman, T. N. (2021, March). On the performance of additively manufactured CNF/PLA piezoresistive strain sensors. In Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2021 (Vol. 11591, p. 115910B). International Society for Optics and Photonics.
Gonzalez, D.G*, Garcia Bravo, J. M., Voyles, R., Nawrocki R., Ducharne, B. & Newell, B. A.* 3D-Printing of Flexible Sensors. ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Torres, S.U, & San Martin, J.U, Newell, B. A. & Garcia Bravo, J. M.* Simulation and Validation of Fully 3D Printed Soft Actuators. ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Maynard, C.G*, Hernandez, J.G*, Doak, A.U, Mardiks, B.U, Viz, M.U, Newell, B. A., Garcia Bravo, J. M., & Tallman, T.* The Effect of Manufacturing Parameters on Strain Sensing Performance in 3D-Printed CNF-Modified PLA Strain Sensors. ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Mamer, T.G, Garcia, J.M., Leon-Salas, W.D, Voyles, R., Nawrocki, R., Yokota, T, Takao, S., Ducharne, B., & Newell, B.* Production of 3D Printed Flexible Strain Sensors. ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Fan, J.G*, Gonzalez, D.G, Garcia, J.M., Newell, B.A.*, & Nawrocki, R.* The effects of additive manufacturing and poling techniques on PVdF thin films: Towards 3D printed functional materials. ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Costas, A.G, Newell, B. A., & Garcia Bravo, J. M.* (2019). Production and characterization of a fully 3D printed flexible bellows actuator. ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Louisville, KY.
Gonzalez, D.G*, Garcia Bravo, J. M., & Newell, B. A.* (2019). 3D Printed Segmented Flexible Pneumatic Actuator. ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Louisville, KY.
Garcia Bravo, J. M.*, Newell, B. A., Bonnett, E.G, & Leon, JG. (2019). Making Connections Between Applications and Theory Through Energy in Fluid Power. 2019 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. American Society for Engineering Education. Tampa, FL.
Maynard, C.G*, Newell, B. A.*, Lucietto, A., Hutzel, W. J., & Garcia Bravo, J. M. (2018). Applied Learning within Thermodynamics: A Perspective on Energy Concepts. IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. San Jose, CA.
Gonzalez, D.G*, Noble, L.U, Newell, B. A.*, Mamer, T.G, & Garcia Bravo, J. M. (2018). 3-D printing of dielectric electroactive polymer actuators and characterization of dielectric flexible materials. ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. San Antonio, TX.
Mamer, T.G, Gonzalez, D.G*, Newell, B. A.*, Garcia Bravo, J. M., Leon-Salas, D., Vindrola, A.U, & Zigon, TG*. (2018, September). Flexible 3-D printed circuits and sensors. In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. San Antonio, TX.
Melgarejo, L. D.U*, Reifenberger, R. G., Garcia Bravo, J. M.*, & Newell, B. A. (2018). Manufacture of lenses and diffraction gratings using DLP as an additive manufacturing technology. ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. San Antonio, TX.
Romo-Estrada, J. A.G, Newell, B. A.*, & Garcia Bravo, J. M. (2018). Mechanical iris stretcher for electroactive polymers. ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. San Antonio, TX.
Newell, B. A.*, Garcia Bravo, J. M., & Vindrola, A.U (2018). Prediction of dielectric electroactive polymer material functionality. ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. San Antonio, TX.
Costas, A.G*, Davis, D. E.U, Niu, Y.U, Dabiri, S., Garcia Bravo, J. M.*, & Newell, B. A. (2018). Design, development and characterization of linear, soft actuators via additive manufacturing. ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. San Antonio, TX.
Leon, J., Garcia, J., Gonzalez, A. (2017)., A Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Hydrostatic Transmission for an Electric Hybrid Bus in Bogotá, Colombia, Accepted June 30, 2017, Transactions of The Symposium of Fluid Power and Motion Control, October 2017.
Leon, J., Garcia, J., Acero, M., Gonzalez, A. (2016)., "Case Study of an Electric-Hydraulic Hybrid Propulsion System for a Heavy Duty Electric Vehicle," SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-8112, 2016, http://doi:10.4271/2016-01-8112
Newell, B., Garcia, J., Krutz G., Harmayer, K., (2016)., “Industrial Capacitance Sensors and Actuators,” IEEE FTC 2016 - Future Technologies Conference 2016 6-7 December 2016, San Francisco, United States.
Garcia, J., Homkes, R., Carnes, M., & Taylor, K. (2015). Lessons Learned from Team-Teaching a PBL Robotics Course with Multi-Disciplinary Instructors and Students. In 2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings (pp. 26.1086.1–26.1086.9). ASEE Conferences. http://doi.org/10.18260/p.24423
Kuleshov, A., Garcia, J., Lumkes, J., (2014)“Low cost water/air hydraulic trainer and curriculum for K-12 students”. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition June 15-18, 2014, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Pindera, M.Z., Sun, Y., Malosse, J-J, Garcia J., (2013), “Co-Simulation Based Design and Experimental Validation Of Control Strategies For Digital Fluid Power Systems”, FPMC2013-4489, Proceedings Of The ASME/BATH 2013 Symposium on Fluid Power & Motion Control FPMC2013 October 6-9, 2013, Sarasota, Florida, USA
Garcia, J., Martini, A. and Lumkes, J., “Static friction characterization of metallic contacts with hydraulic fluids”, Proceedings of the 52nd national conference on Fluid Power, Las Vegas, NV, USA, March 21-22, 2011
Garcia, J., Krutz, G. and Lumkes, J., "Self-Propelled Water Hydraulics Vehicle", Proceedings of the 10th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power, Tampere, Finland, May 21-23, 2007.
Yang, Z., Krishnamurthy, M., Garcia J., “Modeling and Control of a Continuously Variable Planetary Transmission for a Small Wind Turbine Drivetrain”, (SMASIS 2013), Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, Snowbird UT, September 16-18, 2013.
M. Alvarez, H. Cease, B. Flaugher, R. Flores, J. Garcia, A. Lathrop, and F. Ruiz., “The Development of a Cryogenic Over-Pressure Pump”, 2013 Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference., Anchorage, Alaska. June 17 – 21, 2013.
Sun, Y., Garcia, J., Krishnamurthy, M. “A novel fixed displacement Electric-Hydraulic Hybrid (EH2) drivetrain for city vehicles”, Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), 2013 IEEE, Detroit, Michigan, June 16-19, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574499
Mishler, L., Garcia, J. and Lumkes, J., “Engaging Pre-College Students in Engineering Using Hands-on Micro- Processor Controlled Portable Fluid Power Demonstrators”, ASABE Annual International Meeting, Louisville, Kentucky, August 8-10, 2011. Paper No. 1111500
Garcia, J., Martini, A., and Lumkes, J., "Experimental Measurements of Static Friction for Line Contacts at High Speed Step Inputs ", Proceedings of the 6th FPNI PhD Symposium, West Lafayette, IN, USA, June 15-19 2010.
Michael, P., Burgess, K., Martini, A., Garcia, J., Bair, S., “Lubricant effects in hydraulic motor staring efficiency”, Proceedings of the STLE/ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference. San Francisco, CA, October 17-20, 2010.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Garcia, J., Michael, P., & Johnson, J. (2015). Toward the Development of a Pump Energy Rating System based upon Performance Indexes. In 2015 Fluid Power Innovation & Research Conference (FPIRC15) (pp. 1–5). Chicago, IL.
Garcia, J., (2017). Select the Right Hydraulic Component Using Hydraulic Pump & Motor ISO Standards (pp. 14-15). Palmer, PA. Innovative Designs & Publishing, INC: Fluid Power Journal. www.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.com
International Organization for Standardization, (2016). Garcia, J., (Chair of Sub-Committee and editor) “ISO 4409 Hydraulic fluid power — Positive- displacement pumps, motors and integral transmissions — Methods of testing and presenting basic steady state performance” 2015 Revision (CD Ballot 4409-2 Approved for DIS July, 2016)
International Organization for Standardization, (2016). Garcia, J., (Chair of Sub-Committee and editor) “Proposed New Standard Energy rating indices for fluid power pumps and motors” 2016 (New Work Item Proposal Form 4 submitted January 25, 2016)
Garcia. J., Krishnamurthy. M., (2014) “Electric-Hydraulic Drivetrain for City Vehicle: A novel Approach to On-Board Energy Storage”, IEEE Transportation Electrification Initiative, Submitted, January 20, 2014.
Garcia, J., Mishler, L., Lumkes, J., “Dig this Hydraulic/Pneumatic robot backhoe”, Robot Magazine, Dec. 3, 2010, No. 28.
Garcia, J., Martini,A., and Lumkes, J., “Experimental Measurement of Surface and Fluid Effects on Static Friction for Metal Contacts” Tribology & Lubrication Technology (TLT) Magazine. March 2010, Vol. 66, No. 3.