Publications

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US Patents

1Nawrocki, R.A. Method of Making Flexible Transducers, US Patent App. 20250092575, 2025 
2Nawrocki, R.A. Flexible Transducer, US Patent App. 20250098543, 2025 
 1Nawrocki, R.A., Fan, J., Newell, B., Garcia-Bravo, J.M., Piezoelectric sensors and methods and apparatuses for producing piezoelectric sensors, US Patent App. 18/336,567, 2023
 2Nawrocki, R.A., Fan, J., Newell, B., Garcia-Bravo, J.M., Capacitive sensors and methods and apparatuses for producing capacitive sensors, US Patent App. 18/336,191, 2023

Journals

36Fan, J, Xu,S, Newell, B, Garcia, J, Wu, W, Nawrocki, R. A., Liquid-based material extrusion of flexible silver electrodes onto electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) microfibers for soft piezoelectric pressure sensors: Towards fully three-dimensional printed functional materials, Science Direct, doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110820, 2025
35Vyshniakova, K., Hosseini, M.J.M., Bai, H., Fatahi, M., Malacco, V.M.R., Donkin, S.S., Voyles, R.M., Zhang, H.H., Nawrocki, R.A., Aqueous Ammonia Sensor with Neuromorphic Detection, Advanced Electronic Materials, doi: 10.1002/aelm.202400509, 2024
34Yang, Y., Voyles, R.M., Zhang, H.H., Nawrocki, R.A., Fractional-order spike timing dependent gradient descent for multi-layer spiking neural networks, Neurocomputing, doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2024.128662, 2024
33Bai, H., Voyles, R.M., Nawrocki, R.A., Inkjet Printing of a Gate Insulator: Towards Fully Printable Organic Field Effect Transistor, electronic materials, doi: 10.3390/electronicmat5030011, 2024
32Simons, K., Vyshniakova, K., Nawrocki, R.A., El-Shahat, A., Newell, B., The Effects of Electroplating on the Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Structures, ASME 2023 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS), doi: 10.1115/SMASIS2023-110933, 2023
31Mirshojaeian Hosseini, M.J., Yang, Y., Kruger, W., Yokota, T., Lee, S., Someya, T., Nawrocki, R.A., 270 nm ultra-thin self-adhesive conformable and long-term air-stable complimentary organic transistors and amplifiers​, npj Flexible Electronics, doi: 10.1038/s41528-023-00267-y, 2023
30Yang, Y., Bartolozzi, C., Zhang. H.H., Nawrocki, R.A., Neuromorphic electronics for robotic perception, navigation and control: A survey, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2023.106838, 2023
29Kaur, U., Malacco, V.M.R., Bai, H., Price, T.P., Datta, A., Xin, L., Sen, S.,  Nawrocki, R.A., Chiu, G., Sundaram, S., Min, B.C., Daniels, K.M., White, R.R., Donkin, S.S., Brito, R.F., Voyles R.M., Invited Review: Integration of Technologies and Systems for Precision Animal Agriculture – A Case Study on Precision Dairy Farming, Journal of Animal Science, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad206, 2023
28Yang, Y., Mirshojaeian Hosseini, M.J., Kruger, W., Nawrocki, R.A., Modular Modeling of Analog Organic Neuromorphic Circuits: Toward Prototyping of Hardware-Level Spiking Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2022.3226163, 2022
27Fan, J., Deneke, N., Xu, S.,Newell, B., Garcia, J., Davis, C., Wu, W., Voyles, R.M., Nawrocki, R.A., Electric Poling-assisted Additive Manufacturing Technique for Piezoelectric Active Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Films: Towards Fully Three-dimensional Printed Functional Materials, Additive Manufacturing, doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.103248, 2022
26Mirshojaeian Hosseini, M.J., Yang, Y., Prendergast, A.J., Donati, E., Faezipour, M., Indiveri, G., Nawrocki, R.A., An organic synaptic circuit: towards flexible and biocompatible organic neuromorphic processing, Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, doi: 10.1088/2634-4386/ac830c, 2022
25Prendergast, A. J., Mirshojaeian Hosseini, M.J., Nawrocki, R. A., Faezipour, M., Real-Time Generation of Hyperbolic Neuronal Spiking Patterns, 2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), doi: 10.1109/EMBC48229.2022.9870915, 2022.
24Bai, H., Yang, Y., Voyles, R.M., Nawrocki, R.A., No hysteresis TIPS-pentacene:polystyrene Blend-based Organic Field Effect Transistor by Extruded Direct Ink Writing and the Application in Resistive Load Inverter Circuit, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, doi: 10.1039/D2TC00948J, 2022
23Fan, J., Newell, B., Garcia, J., Voyles, R.M., Nawrocki, R.A., et al., Effect Of Additive Manufacturing On β -Phase Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Based Capacitive Temperature Sensors, Advanced Engineering Materials, doi: 10.1002/adem.202200485, 2022
22Han, C.S., Kaur, U., Bai, H., dos Reis, R.R., White, R., Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Kang, M.G., Priya, S., Invited review: Sensor technologies for real-time monitoring of the rumen environment, Journal of Dairy Science, doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-20576, 2022
21Gonzalez, D., Garcia, J., Voyles, R.M., Nawrocki, R.A., Newell, B., Characterization of 3D printed pneumatic soft actuator, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2021.113337, 2022
20Mirshojaeian Hosseini, M.J., Donati, E., Indiveri, G., Nawrocki, R.A., Organic Log-Domain Integrator Synapse, Advanced Electronic Materials, doi: 10.1002/aelm.202100724, 2022
19Mirshojaeian Hosseini, M.J., and Nawrocki, R.A., A Review of the Progress of Thin-Film Transistors and Their Technologies for Flexible Electronics, Micromachines, doi: 10.3390/mi12060655, 2021
18Yang, Y., Nawrocki, R.A., et al., A Fractional Drift Diffusion Model for Organic Semiconductor Devices, CMC-Computers Materials & Continua, doi: 10.32604/cmc.2021.017439, 2021
17Yang, Y., Nawrocki, R.A., et al., Modeling of the electrical characteristics of an organic field effect transistor in presence of the bending effects, Organic Electronics, doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2020.106000, 2020
16Mirshojaeian Hosseini, M.J., Nawrocki, R.A., et al., Organic Electronics Axon-Hillock Neuromoprhic Circuit: Towards Biologically Compatible, And Physically Flexible Integrate-And-Fire Spiking Neural Networks, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/abc585, 2020
15Yang, Y., Nawrocki, R.A., et al., Modeling of an Internal Stress and Strain Distribution of an Inverted Staggered Thin-Film Transistor Based on Two-Dimensional Mass-Spring-Damper Structure, Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, doi: 10.32604/cmes.2020.010165, 2020
14Bai, H., Nawrocki, R.A., et al., Impedimetric, PEDOT:PSS-based Organic ElectroChemical Sensor for Detection of Histamine for Precision Animal Agriculture, IEEE Sensors Letters, doi: 10.1109/LSENS.2020.3025162, 2020
13Delbruck, T., Nawrocki, R.A., et al., Lessons Learned the Hard Way, 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), doi: 10.1109/ISCAS45731.2020.9180983, 2020
12Nawrocki, R.A., Super- and ultra-thin organic field effect transistors: from flexibility to super- and ultra-flexibility​, Advanced Functional Materials, doi: 10.1002/adfm.201906908, 2019
11Pavlica, E., Pastukhova, N., Nawrocki, R.A., Ciesielski, A., Tkachuk, V., Samori, P., Bratina, G., Enhancement of Charge Transport in Polythiophene Semiconducting Polymer by Blending with Graphene Nanoparticles, ChemPlusChem, doi: 10.1002/cplu.201900219, 2019
10Nawrocki, R.A., Hanbit, J., Lee, S., Yokota, T., Sekino, M., Someya, T., Self-Adhesive and Ultra-Conformable Sub 300-nm Dry Thin-Film Electrodes for Surface Monitoring of Biopotentials, Advanced Functional Materials, doi: 10.1002/adfm.201803279, 2018
9Balakuntala, M.V., Ayad, M., Voyles, R.M., White, R., Nawrocki, R.A., Sundaram, S., Priya, S., Chiu, G., Donkin, S., Min, B-C., Daniels, K., Global Sustainability Through Closed-Loop Precision Animal Agriculture, Mechanical Engineering Magazine, doi: 10.1115/1.2018-Jun-7, 2018
8Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Shaheen, S.E., A Mini-Review of Neuromorphic Architectures and Implementations, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, doi: 10.1109/ted.2016.2598413, 2016
7Lee, S., Reuveny, A., Matsuhisa, N., Nawrocki, R.A., N., Yokota, T., Someya, T., Enhancement of Closed-Loop Gain of Organic Amplifiers Using Double Gate Structures, IEEE Electron Device Letters, doi: 10.1109/led.2016.2554159, 2016
6Nawrocki, R.A., Matsuhisa, N., Yokota, T., Someya, T., 300-nm Imperceptible, Ultraflexible, and Biocompatible e-Skin Fit with Tactile Sensors and Organic Transistors, Advanced Electronic Materials, doi: 10.1002/aelm.201500452, 2016
5Nawrocki, R.A., Pavlica, E., Ćelić, N., Orlov, D., Mihailović, D., Bratina, G., Fabrication of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanowires for High-Mobility Transistors, Organic Electronics, doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.11.038, 2016
4Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Shaheen, S.E., Neurons in Polymer: Hardware Neural Unites based on Polymer Memristive Devices and Transistors, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, doi: 10.1109/ted.2014.2346700, 2014
3Nawrocki, R.A., Galiger, E.M., Bailey, B.A., Ostrowski, D., Jiang, X., Voyles, R.M., Kopidakis, N., Olson, D.C., Shaheen, S.E., An Inverted, Organic WORM Device Based on PEDOT:PSS with Very Low Turn-On Voltage, Organic Electronics, doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2014.05.003, 2014
2Cui, Y., Voyles, R.M., Nawrocki, R.A., Jiang, G., The Morphing Bus: A New Paradigm in Peripheral Interconnect Bus, IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, doi: 10.1109/tcpmt.2013.2273663, 2013
1Nawrocki, R.A., Shalaan, M., Shaheen, S. E., Lorenzon, N.M., Monitoring Performance Degradation of Cerebellar Functions Using Computational Neuroscience Methods: Implications on Neurological Diseases, Public Library of Science (PLoS), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045581, 2012

Book chapters

 1         Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Shaheen, S.E., Polymer and Nanoparticle-Composite Bistable Devices: Physics of Operation and Initial Applications, Advances in Neuromorphic Memristor Science and Applications , doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4491-2_15, 2012

Conferences

22Fan, J., Newell, B., Garcia, J., Voyles, R.M., Nawrocki, R.A., Contact-Poling Enhanced, Fully 3D Printed PVdF Pressure Sensors: Towards 3D Printed Functional Materials, ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, doi: 10.1115/SMASIS2021-67832, 2021
21Yang, Y., Bai, H., Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Zhang, H.H., Fractional Drift-Diffusion Model of Organic Field Effect Transistors Including Effects of Bending Stress for Smart Materials, ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, doi: 10.1115/SMASIS2021-68344, 2021
20Vyshniakova, K., Bai, H., Rocha Malacco, V.M., Pavlica, E., Voyles, R.M., Donkin, S.S., Gehman, A., Nawrocki, R.A., Electrochemical ZnO-Based Sensor for Aqueous Ammonia Detection for Precision Animal Agriculture, ElectroChemical Society (ECS), doi: 10.1149/MA2021-01571541mtgabs, 2021
19Bai, H., Vyshniakova, K., Pavlica, E., Rocha Malacco, V.M., Yiannikouris, A., Yerramreddy, T., Voyles, R.M., Donkin, S.S., Nawrocki, R.A., Impedimetric Detection of Histamine Using PEDOT:PSS-Based Organic Electrochemical Sensor for Precision Animal Agriculture, ElectroChemical Society (ECS), doi: 10.1149/MA2021-01321047mtgabs, 2021
18Fan, J., Gonzalez, D., Garcia, J., Newell, B., Nawrocki, R.A., The effects of additive manufacturing and poling techniques on PVdF thin films: Towards 3D printed functional materials, The ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS), doi: 10.1115/SMASIS2020-2245, 2020
17Gonzalez, D., Garcia, J., Ducharne, B., Voyles, R., Nawrocki, R.A., Newell, B., 3D Printed of Flexible Sensing Actuators,  The ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS), doi: 10.1115/SMASIS2020-2239, 2020
16Mamer, T., Garcia, J., Leon-Salas, W.D., Voyles, R.M., Nawrocki, R.A., Yokota, T., Someya, T., Ducharne, B., Newell, B.,
Production of 3D Printed Flexible Strain Sensors, The ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS), doi: 10.1115/SMASIS2020-2235, 2020
15Bai, H., Vyshniakova, K., Pavlica, E., Yiannikouris, A., Yerramreddy, T.R., Voyles, R.M., Nawrocki, R.A., Organic Electrochemical, PEDOT:PSS-Based Impedimetric Histamine Sensor, 237th ECS Meeting with the 18th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, 2020
14Aghamohammadi, N.R., Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Ayad, M., Kusuma, D., Designer Polymers: Additive Manufacturing of Smart Materials as a Complement to Injection Molding, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2019
13Ayad, M., Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Lee, J., Lee, H., Leon-Salas, W.D., Nucleos: Toward Rapid-Prototyping of Robotic Materials That Can Sense, Think And Act, ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS), SMASIS 2018-8245, doi:10.1115/SMASIS2018-8245, 2018
12Sheregar, D., Hung, V., Walker, J., Hoilett, O., Linnes, J., Nawrocki, R.A., Thin Film Cocaine Sensors, The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium, https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/surf/2018/Presentations/130/, 2018
11Zhang, H.H., Nawrocki, R.A., Li, Q., On Basics and Applications of Multidisciplinary Engineering and Technology Education, CEAD, ISBN-13: 978-613-9-93799-8, 2018
10Nawrocki, R.A., Lee, S., Matsuhisa, N., Yokota, T., Someya, T., 300 nm High Gain Multi Stage Organic CMOS Inverters, International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, doi: 10.7567/SSDM.2016.F-1-03, 2016
9Nawrocki, R.A., Frutiger, D. R., Voyles, R.M., Nelson, B. J., Wireless Electrical Power to Sub-millimeter Robots, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Automation, doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-33515-0_31, 2012
8Nawrocki, R.A., Yang, X., Shaheen, S.E., Voyles, R.M., Structured Computational Polymers for a Soft Robot: Actuation and Cognition, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, doi: 10.1109/icra.2011.5980122, 2011
7Nawrocki, R.A., Shaheen, S.E., Voyles, R.M., A Neuromorphic Architecture from Single Transistor Neurons With Organic Bistable Devices for Weights, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, doi: 10.1109/ijcnn.2011.6033256, 2011
6Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Artificial Neural Network Performance Degradation Under Network Damage: Stuck-At Faults, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, doi: 10.1109/ijcnn.2011.6033255, 2011
5Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Shaheen, S.E., Structured Computational Polymers for Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security and Rescue Robots, doi: 10.1109/ssrr.2011.6106800, 2011
4Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Shaheen, S.E., Simulating Hardware Neural Networks with Organic Memristors and Organic Field Effect Transistors, Artificial Neural Networks In Engineering, doi: 10.1115/1.859599.paper59, 2010
3Nawrocki, R.A., Voyles, R.M., Shalaan, M., Monitoring Artificial Neural Network Performance Degradation Under Network Damage, Artificial Neural Networks In Engineering, doi: 10.1115/1.859599.paper13, 2010
2Nawrocki, R.A., Shaheen, S.E., Yang, X., Voyles, R.M., Towards an All-Polymer Robot for Search and Rescue, IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security and Rescue Robotics, doi: 10.1109/ssrr.2009.5424154, 2009
1Nawrocki, R.A., Abisaleh, D., Rojas-Cessa, R., Design and Implementation of Scheduling Algorithms for Input-Queued Packet Switches: an Undergraduate Senior Project Experience, Proceedings of the X Workshop, Iberchip, 2004